This briefing examines the European Union’s Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) and its approach to reducing packaging waste through greater reuse, recycling and resource efficiency.
The EU’s new Ecodesign Regulation is presented as technical environmental policy, but – contrary to the ambitions to reduce the regulatory burden – it means that both companies’ scope for innovation and consumers’ freedom of choice are curtailed.
This briefing examines a growing tension at the heart of EU digital regulation: how the Digital Markets Act (DMA) is being applied to artificial intelligence.
The EU has placed regulatory simplification at the centre of its competitiveness agenda, with the Environmental Omnibus presented as a flagship effort to reduce administrative burdens while preserving environmental ambition.
EU climate policy has expanded into a complex system of overlapping instruments, sector-specific targets, and national obligations that raise costs without delivering additional emissions reductions.
The European Commission’s new Action Plan for Affordable Energy is a mix of contradictory policies could result in higher costs, greater market uncertainty, and slower progress toward a genuine energy union.
As the EU prepares to fully implement its Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in January 2026, concerns are mounting that this flagship climate policy could backfire, increasing costs for European businesses and consumers while sparking international trade disputes.