Incumbent President Andrzej Duda or Mayor of Warsaw Rafał Trzaskowski? That is the choice facing Polish voters on 12 June, in the second round of the presidential elections.
The presidential elections in Poland in 2020, which were won by the incumbent Andrzej Duda, the candidate of the ruling Law and Justice party, indicate that we may expect the further deterioration of the rule of law in Poland.
Polish president, Andrzej Duda, and his close political ally, the Law and Justice Party, PiS, have not been shy of controversies during this last political term in power.
The European Commission has fined in July telecommunications multinational Qualcomm with €242 million as it condemns them for selling chipsets “below cost."
On 21 November, public opinion in Poland and the EU was surprised by the ruling Law and Justice’s (PiS) proposal “backtracking on controversial reforms it made to lower the retirement age of Supreme Court judges”.
A lot has been written about how social media (or digital media more generally), by creating online echo chambers and filter bubbles, increases political polarisation.
The European Commission sought public opinion on the importance of equipping young people with shared values and on how education and non-formal learning can help achieve this aim in view of creating more socially cohesive societies.