In Kathimerini.gr, the Centre for Liberal Studies (KEFiM), as part of the Epicenter network, presented a study showing that Greece’s “hidden” pension debt – future pension liabilities without corresponding accumulated savings – stands at 403% of GDP. The analysis argues that official Maastricht debt criteria systematically underestimate the real fiscal burden across the EU by excluding these unfunded obligations, with similarly high levels recorded in Spain (496%), Austria (450%) and Italy (429%). KEFiM highlights that countries with capitalised pension systems face structurally lower hidden liabilities and greater fiscal resilience, and calls for wider adoption of funded pension schemes alongside the recognition of pension commitments in official debt figures.